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Lung Cancer

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Lung Cancer

Lung cancer begins when cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably, forming a mass or tumor.1 The lungs, two spongy organs located in the chest, are essential for breathing and oxygen exchange.1 While it can affect anyone, individuals who smoke have the highest risk of developing the disease.

"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide."

There are two main types of lung cancer

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Signs and Symptoms of lung cancer

In its early stages, lung cancer may be asymptomatic or mimic other conditions. Persistent respiratory issues, such as recurrent pneumonia or a chronic cough, can sometimes be early indicators. However, most symptoms appear when the cancer has already progressed.

Lung cancer symptoms often do not appear until the disease has reached an advanced stage. Common symptoms include a persistent or worsening cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Chest pain or discomfort, hoarseness or changes in the voice, unexplained weight loss, and a loss of appetite are also typical signs. Fatigue is another common symptom. As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms may develop, such as bone pain or fractures, headaches, and swelling in the lymph nodes within the chest.

Risk factors of lung cancer

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer:

  • Smoking tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipes is the leading cause of lung cancer
  • Exposure to secondhand smoke significantly elevates risk.
  • Environmental and occupational exposures, including radon, asbestos, diesel exhaust, and air pollution, can contribute to lung cancer development.
  • Previous radiation treatments to the chest, such as those for breast cancer or lymphoma.
  • Family history of lung cancer, indicating a potential genetic predisposition.
  • After identifying the risk factors, it's important to understand that surgery is the primary treatment for lung cancer, although other treatment options may also be used such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation and targeted therapy.

Preventive measures

The most effective way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking entirely or quit if you currently smoke. Creating smoke-free environments at home and in your car is essential to protect both yourself and others from the harmful effects of tobacco.

High radon levels can also increase the risk of lung cancer, so testing your home for radon and implementing mitigation strategies can significantly reduce this risk.

Additionally, following health and safety guidelines to minimize exposure to harmful carcinogens—substances known to cause cancer—can further reduce the likelihood of developing lung cancer. Taking these preventive measures can help safeguard your lung health and lower your risk.quit smoking, if applicable.

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